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[๐Ÿ”ฅHot off the Feed] Bait-and-Switch Pricing: The Hidden Costs Consumers Keep Paying

From U-Haul to Airlines, How Deceptive Pricing Undermines Market Fairness

๋ฏธ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ํ•จ์ •: ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๋น„์šฉ๋“ค

์œ ํ™€(U-Haul)*์—์„œ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ๊นŒ์ง€, ๊ธฐ๋งŒ์  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ฑ…์ •์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์™œ๊ณกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•

*์œ ํ™€ : ์• ๋ฆฌ์กฐ๋‚˜์ฃผ ํ”ผ๋‹‰์Šค์— ๋ณธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ด์‚ฌ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ, ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐ ์…€ํ”„ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ Œํƒˆ ํšŒ์‚ฌ

๐Ÿ“Œ Context is King

โ€œ$19.95.โ€ Thatโ€™s the bold, green number plastered on U-Haul trucks across America. But consumers quickly discover the real price is much higher, thanks to add-ons like mileage fees, insurance, and environmental surcharges. Truth in Advertising (TINA.org) recently filed complaints against U-Haul, calling out its bait-and-switch pricing tactics as deceptive and harmful to consumers.

โ€œ$19.95โ€ โ€” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ์œ ํ™€(U-Haul) ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์— ํผ์ง€๋ง‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ํžŒ ์ด ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์š”๊ธˆ, ๋ณดํ—˜, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ์ข… ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋ถ™์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ ์ง€๋ถˆ์•ก์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋‹จ์ฒด TINA.org๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์œ ํ™€์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ฑ…์ •(bait-and-switch) ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์‚ผ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์œ„์›ํšŒ(FTC)์— ์ •์‹ ๊ณ ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

The problem isnโ€™t isolated. Airlines, hotels, concert venues, and rental services routinely employ similar tactics, making it nearly impossible for consumers to know the true cost upfront. This undermines price transparency and distorts market competition.

์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์œ ํ™€๋งŒ์˜ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ, ํ˜ธํ…”, ๊ณต์—ฐ์žฅ, ๋ Œํ„ฐ์นด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ „๋žต์ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋’ค ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ์™œ๊ณกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿงฉ IYKYK(If you know, you know)

  • Bait-and-Switch Pricing (๋ฏธ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ฑ…์ •)
    Advertising an unrealistically low price to attract customers, then adding hidden fees during the purchase process.
    โ†’ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์›Œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ์œ ์ธํ•œ ๋’ค, ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ข… ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹.

  • Drip Pricing (๋“œ๋ฆฝ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ „๋žต)
    A practice where additional mandatory fees are revealed gradually as the transaction progresses.
    โ†’ ๊ฒฐ์ œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต.

  • Price Opacity (๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ)
    The deliberate complexity of pricing structures that prevents easy comparison across competitors.
    โ†’ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์š”๊ธˆ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์„ค๊ณ„.

  • Consumer Fatigue (์†Œ๋น„์ž ํ”ผ๋กœ๊ฐ)
    Exhaustion from navigating convoluted pricing, leading to acceptance of unfavorable terms.
    โ†’ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง€์นœ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฌด๋น„ํŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ.

  • Market Distortion (์‹œ์žฅ ์™œ๊ณก)
    When deceptive pricing practices erode fair competition and inflate overall consumer costs.
    โ†’ ๊ธฐ๋งŒ์  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ „๋žต์ด ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜๊ณ , ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ ์™œ๊ณก ํ˜„์ƒ.

๐Ÿง  In Focus

Bait-and-switch pricing exploits consumer psychology. By the time customers realize the true cost, they've invested too much time and effort to back out. This tactic diminishes competition by making price comparison nearly impossible, and erodes trust in the marketplace.

๋ฏธ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ฑ…์ •์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ต๋ฌ˜ํžˆ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฑŒ ๋•Œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์—ฌ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์‹œ์žฅ ๋‚ด ๊ณต์ • ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ‰์•„๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

While some industries defend this practice as offering "customizable experiences," the reality is far from transparent. New regulations, like the FTC's upcoming rule on hidden fees in live events and lodging, aim to curb these tacticsโ€”but broader industry-wide enforcement remains elusive.

์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ฑ…์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ '๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์„œ๋น„์Šค' ์ œ๊ณต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํฌ์žฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ƒ์€ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ ๊ณต์ •์œ„(FTC)๋Š” ๊ณต์—ฐ ๋ฐ ์ˆ™๋ฐ•์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ค€๋น„ ์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „์ฒด ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์š”์›ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ—ฃ How They Talk About It

๐Ÿ“Œ junk fee (์ •ํฌ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ)
โ€œJunk fees are those sneaky charges that appear after you think you've seen the final price.โ€
โ€œ์ •ํฌ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ œ ์ง์ „์— ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๋น„์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€

๐Ÿ“Œ nickel-and-diming (์ฅ์–ด์งœ๊ธฐ ์š”๊ธˆ)
โ€œConsumers are frustrated by companies nickel-and-diming them with endless small charges.โ€
โ€œ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€ ๋๋„ ์—†์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ์•ก ์š”๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฅ์–ด์งœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋А๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€

๐Ÿ“Œ price creep (์ ์ง„์  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ)
โ€œWhat starts as a $20 rental can easily creep into $60 with add-ons.โ€
โ€œ20๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋Œ€์—ฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์–ด๋А์ƒˆ 60๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€

๐Ÿ“Œ all-in pricing (ํฌ๊ด„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ)
โ€œAdvocates are pushing for all-in pricing to improve transparency and fairness.โ€
โ€œ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํฌ๊ด„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋„์ž…์„ ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€

๐Ÿงญ Discourse Watch

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
The FTCโ€™s new rule on hidden fees, effective May 12, 2025, targets bait-and-switch tactics in live events and lodging. However, industries like car rentals and moving services remain largely unregulated. Public discourse centers on expanding these regulations to other sectors and enhancing price transparency.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 2025๋…„ 5์›” 12์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณต์—ฐ ๋ฐ ์ˆ™๋ฐ•์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ Œํ„ฐ์นด, ์ด์‚ฟ์ง ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋“ฑ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทœ์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ก ์žฅ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ํƒ€ ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท South Korea
In South Korea, similar concerns arise around mobile carrier fees, online shopping platforms, and subscription services where final prices differ significantly from advertised rates. Regulatory bodies like the Fair Trade Commission have launched investigations into deceptive pricing, though enforcement remains selective and reactive.

ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๋™ํ†ต์‹  ์š”๊ธˆ, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‡ผํ•‘, ๊ตฌ๋… ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ์ง€๋ถˆ์•ก ๊ฐ„ ๊ดด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ง€์ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ •๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์œ„์›ํšŒ ๋“ฑ ๊ทœ์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ํ—ˆ์œ„ยท๊ณผ์žฅ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋‚˜์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ›„ ๋Œ€์‘์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐ŸŽฌ Outro

When the sticker price no longer tells the truth, trust in the market erodes. Transparent, all-in pricing isnโ€™t just consumer-friendlyโ€”itโ€™s essential for fair competition.
๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ด๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์นœํ™”์„ฑ, ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“… May 29th, 1965 โ€“ The U.S. Federal Trade Commission enforces the first Truth in Lending Act, mandating standardized disclosure of credit costs to protect consumers.
๐Ÿ“… 1965๋…„ 5์›” 29์ผ โ€“ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์œ„์›ํšŒ(FTC)๊ฐ€ โ€˜์ง„์‹ค๋œ ๋Œ€์ถœ๋ฒ•(Truth in Lending Act)โ€™์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธˆ์œต์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋„๋ก ์˜๋ฌดํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿงพ Sources

  1. โ€œThe rise of 'bait-and-switch pricing'โ€ (Business Insider, 2025)

  2. โ€œFTC to crack down on junk fees in live events, lodgingโ€ (FTC Press Release, 2025)

  3. โ€œTruth in Advertising files complaint against U-Haulโ€ (TINA.org, 2025)

  4. โ€œTruth in Lending Act Backgroundโ€ (Federal Reserve Board)

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