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  • [๐Ÿ”ฅ Hot off the Feed] BNPL Loans Enter FICO Scoresโ€”A Game-Changer for Credit

[๐Ÿ”ฅ Hot off the Feed] BNPL Loans Enter FICO Scoresโ€”A Game-Changer for Credit

Credit history gets a new data layerโ€”BNPL repayment now counts.

BNPL ๋Œ€์ถœ๋„ FICO ์‹ ์šฉ์ ์ˆ˜์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ๋‹คโ€”์‹ ์šฉ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ฒด์ธ์ €

์‹ ์šฉ ๊ธฐ๋ก์—๋„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ธต์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹คโ€”BNPL ์ƒํ™˜ ์‹ค์ ์ด ์ด์ œ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ˜Ž ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด?

๐Ÿ‘‰ ์Šคํ„ฐ๋”” ์‹ ์ฒญ ๋งํฌ : https://forms.gle/6a6ou68a2YyLvnaMA

๐Ÿ‘‰ ์Šคํ„ฐ๋”” ๋ฌธ์˜ : https://open.kakao.com/me/insightsalon

๐Ÿ“Œ Context is King

FICO plans to launch credit scores that include BNPL data, addressing a long-standing blind spot in credit evaluation.
FICO๋Š” BNPL ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‹ ์šฉ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์˜ฌํ•ด ๊ฐ€์„ ์ถœ์‹œํ•ด, ์‹ ์šฉ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค.

The US BNPL market has surgedโ€”from $94โ€ฏbillion in 2024 to an expected $108โ€ฏbillion in 2025โ€”as consumers increasingly use BNPL for everyday purchases.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ BNPL ์‹œ์žฅ์€ 2024๋…„ 940์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์—์„œ 2025๋…„ 1,080์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ƒ ๊ตฌ๋งค์—๋„ BNPL์„ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Traditional credit score models, like FICO Scoreโ€ฏ8, ignored BNPL usage, disadvantaging โ€œthin-fileโ€ consumers who lacked other credit data.
๊ธฐ์กด FICO Scoreโ€ฏ8 ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ ์šฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ BNPL ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„, ์–‡์€ ์‹ ์šฉ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ โ€˜thin-fileโ€™ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

*Notes

FICO?
FICO (Fair Isaac Corporation) is a US-based analytics company that created the most widely used credit scoring model in the country. Over 90% of top lenders use FICO scores to assess borrowersโ€™ creditworthiness.
FICO(ํŽ˜์–ด ์•„์ด์ž‘ ์ฝ”ํผ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜)๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์šฉ ์ ์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์š” ๋Œ€์ถœ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ 90% ์ด์ƒ์ด FICO ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

FICO Score 8?
Released in 2009, FICO Score 8 is the most commonly used version of the FICO scoring model. While newer versions exist, many lenders still rely on Score 8 due to slower adoption cycles. It does not account for recent lending trends such as Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) activity.
2009๋…„์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋œ FICO Score 8์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” FICO ์ ์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ฒ„์ „์ด๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์ตœ์‹  ๋ฒ„์ „๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€์ถœ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋„์ž… ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋А๋ ค ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ Score 8์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. BNPL(ํ›„๋ถˆ ๊ฒฐ์ œ)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋Œ€์ถœ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

๐Ÿงฉ IYKYK(If you know, you know)

Upgrade Trajectory (ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ถค๋„)
โ†’ BNPL ์ƒํ™˜ ์‹ค์ ์ด ์‹ ์šฉ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.
โ†’ BNPL repayment performance now pushes credit scores into an upward trajectory.

Hidden Liability (์ˆจ์€ ๋ถ€๋‹ด)
โ†’ ์†Œ์•ก์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜๋ฉด ์‹ ์šฉ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜๋Š” BNPL์ด ์˜ˆ์ „์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
โ†’ Even small BNPL debts can accumulate into visible financial liability.

Behavioral Scoring (ํ–‰๋™ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€)
โ†’ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ž์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ ์Šต๊ด€๊ณผ ์ƒํ™˜ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์ ์ˆ˜ ์‚ฐ์ •์— ๋” ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‹ค.
โ†’ Borrower behavior and repayment patterns now directly shape credit scores.

๐Ÿง  In Focus


Timely BNPL repayment now helps users build credit, especially those with limited credit history. This could improve access to loans and lower interest rates over time. However, this benefit is conditional on responsible behavior and accurate reporting from lenders.

์ œ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— BNPL ์ƒํ™˜์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ํŠนํžˆ ์‹ ์šฉ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ์šฉ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์ž์œจ ๊ฐœ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ์€ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค.


Conversely, multiple BNPL loans or missed payments now directly affect credit scoresโ€”unlike before. FICO mitigates harsh penalties by aggregating multiple BNPL accounts in scoring. Still, consumers need to monitor usage carefully to avoid unintended damage.


๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ BNPL ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋Š” ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ด์ „๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‹ ์šฉ ์ ์ˆ˜์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. FICO๋Š” ์ ์ˆ˜ ์‚ฐ์ • ์‹œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ BNPL ๊ณ„์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•ด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ด์ต์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ์˜๋„์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ—ฃ How They Talk About It

๐Ÿ“Œ โ€œCredit revolutionโ€ (์‹ ์šฉ ํ˜๋ช…)
โ€œFICOโ€™s move is being hailed as a credit revolutionโ€”bringing BNPL into the fold.โ€
โ€œFICO์˜ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” BNPL์„ ์‹ ์šฉ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ โ€˜์‹ ์šฉ ํ˜๋ช…โ€™์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ€

๐Ÿ“Œ โ€œCredit visibilityโ€ (์‹ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ)
โ€œFor the first time, BNPL use has credit visibilityโ€”itโ€™s not flying under the radar anymore.โ€
โ€œ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ BNPL ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด โ€˜์‹ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑโ€™์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋๋‹คโ€”๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ ˆ์ด๋” ์•„๋ž˜ ์ˆจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.โ€

๐Ÿ“Œ โ€œResponsible harnessingโ€ (์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ์šฉ)
โ€œExperts say BNPL must be harnessed responsibly to avoid turning upward momentum into downward spiral.โ€
โ€œ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ BNPL์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด โ€˜์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ์šฉโ€™์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€

๐Ÿงญ Discourse Watch

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Financial media call it a โ€˜credit revolutionโ€™, praising FICO for bringing transparency to hidden debts. Consumer advocates express concern over overuse and rising default rates among young BNPL users.
๊ธˆ์œต ๋งค์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ โ€˜์‹ ์šฉ ํ˜๋ช…โ€™์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์— ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ FICO๋ฅผ ์นญ์ฐฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์ Š์€ BNPL ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ณผ์ž‰ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์—ฐ์ฒด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๐ŸŽฌ Outro

The credit scoring paradigm is shiftingโ€”BNPL is no longer invisible. Use it wisely.
์‹ ์šฉ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋‹คโ€”BNPL์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“… Aprilโ€ฏ1,โ€ฏ2025โ€ฏโ€“โ€ฏAffirm began reporting BNPL loan data to Experian, setting a precedent in credit reporting.
๐Ÿ“… 2025๋…„โ€ฏ4์›”โ€ฏ1์ผโ€ฏโ€“โ€ฏAffirm์ด Experian์— BNPL ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋‚ด์—ญ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ ์šฉ ๋ณด๊ณ ์— ์„ ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ๋‹ค.

*Notes

Affirm?
Affirm is a leading Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) service provider in the United States. It allows consumers to split purchases into interest-free installments and has recently begun reporting loan data to credit bureaus, increasing transparency in consumer credit behavior.
Affirm์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ํ›„๋ถˆ ๊ฒฐ์ œ(BNPL) ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์—…์ฒด๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๋ฌด์ด์ž ํ• ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ  ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์šฉํ‰๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์— ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์‹ ์šฉ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Experian?
Experian is one of the three major credit bureaus in the United States, alongside Equifax and TransUnion. It collects and analyzes credit data from individuals and businesses to provide credit reports and scores used by lenders to evaluate risk.
Experian์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 3๋Œ€ ์‹ ์šฉํ‰๊ฐ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, Equifax, TransUnion๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‹ ์šฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ยท๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์‹ ์šฉ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์™€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.

While Experian does offer credit assessments for businesses, it primarily focuses on consumer-level micro financial data rather than the sovereign and corporate debt ratings handled by agencies like S&P and Moodyโ€™s.

Experian๋„ ๊ธฐ์—… ์‹ ์šฉ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, S&P๋‚˜ Moodyโ€™s์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๊ธˆ์œต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿงพ Sources

  • โ€œBuy Now, Pay Later loans will factor into Americansโ€™ credit scoresโ€ โ€” CNN, 2025

  • โ€œAffirm begins reporting BNPL loans to Experian and TransUnionโ€ โ€” TechCrunch, 2024

  • โ€œWhat is a FICO Score?โ€ โ€” myfico.com

  • โ€œFICO Score 8 vs Score 10: Whatโ€™s the difference?โ€ โ€” NerdWallet, 2024

  • โ€œWho is Experian?โ€ โ€” experian.com

  • โ€œAbout Affirmโ€ โ€” affirm.com

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์ด ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋Š” Insight Salon ๋‰ด์Šค๋ ˆํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ๋…์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์ „์šฉ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์˜ ๋ฌด๋‹จ ๋ณต์ œ, ๋ฐฐํฌ, ์ˆ˜์ •์€ ์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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๋ฉด์ฑ… ์กฐํ•ญ: ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ ยท์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฌ๋ฌดยท๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๋“ฑ ์ „๋ฌธ์  ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ „๋žต์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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