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[๐Ÿ”ฅ Hot off the Feed] Meta on Trial: Zuckerberg Faces FTC Over Instagram and WhatsApp Acquisitions

When buying your rivals becomes a crime.

๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ฐ˜๋…์  ์žฌํŒ ๊ฐœ์‹œ: ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจยท์™“์ธ ์•ฑ ์ธ์ˆ˜, ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ ๊นŒ?
๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„.

๐Ÿ“Œ Context is King

The FTCโ€™s antitrust lawsuit against Meta is finally in court.
CEO Mark Zuckerberg spent over 10 hours defending the acquisitions of Instagram and WhatsApp โ€” and surprisingly, he once considered spinning them off himself.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์œ„์›ํšŒ(FTC)์˜ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ฐ˜๋…์  ์†Œ์†ก์ด ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋ฒ•์ •์— ์„ฐ๋‹ค.
๋งˆํฌ ์ €์ปค๋ฒ„๊ทธ CEO๋Š” ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ์™“์ธ ์•ฑ ์ธ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  10์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ์–ธํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ(์Šคํ•€์˜คํ”„)๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Meta? FTC?

Meta is the parent company of Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp.
It changed its name from Facebook in 2021 to reflect its shift toward building the metaverse.
In recent years, however, its core revenue still comes from advertising, and its Reality Labs division (which includes VR) has posted billions in annual losses.
As of April 2025, Meta is the 6th most valuable company in the U.S. by market cap, trailing behind Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon, and Nvidia.

๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ, ์™“์ธ ์•ฑ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ๋ชจํšŒ์‚ฌ๋‹ค.
2021๋…„์—๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฒ„์Šค ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ 'ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ'์—์„œ '๋ฉ”ํƒ€'๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋งค์ถœ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ด๋ฉฐ, VR์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์–ผ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ๋žฉ์Šค ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์ˆ˜์กฐ ์›๋Œ€์˜ ์ ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
2025๋…„ 4์›” ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ด์•ก 6์œ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‹ค (์• ํ”Œ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ, ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ, ์•„๋งˆ์กด, ์—”๋น„๋””์•„์— ์ด์–ด).

The FTC (Federal Trade Commission) is a U.S. government agency that enforces consumer protection and antitrust laws.
It ensures fair competition in the market and can challenge mergers it deems harmful to consumers or rival businesses.

FTC(์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์œ„์›ํšŒ)๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋…์  ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ์ง‘ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.
์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์„ ์ œ์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿงฉ IYKYK(If you know, you know)

1. Antitrust Lawsuit (๋ฐ˜๋…์  ์†Œ์†ก)
A legal case that challenges a company for trying to dominate a market unfairly.
์‹œ์žฅ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜์˜๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๊ณ ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด.

2. Spin-off (์Šคํ•€์˜คํ”„ / ๋ถ„์‚ฌ)
Separating a part of a company into an independent business.
๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ด์–ด ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ.

3. Family of Apps (ํŒจ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ ์•ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ)
Meta operates a โ€œfamily of appsโ€ model โ€” where multiple services (Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp) are maintained as semi-independent products under one parent brand.
This strategy helps diversify user experience and expand reach across different demographics and markets.

๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋Š” โ€˜ํŒจ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ ์•ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ(family of apps)โ€™๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ, ์™“์ธ ์•ฑ ๋“ฑ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฑ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ยท์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค.
์ด ์ „๋žต์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค.

Similar models include:

  • Alphabet: Google, YouTube, Fitbit

  • ByteDance: TikTok, CapCut

  • Amazon: Prime Video, Audible, Twitch

์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค:

  • ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ: ๊ตฌ๊ธ€, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ, ํ•๋น—

  • ๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ๋Œ„์Šค: ํ‹ฑํ†ก, ์บก์ปท

  • ์•„๋งˆ์กด: ํ”„๋ผ์ž„๋น„๋””์˜ค, ์˜ค๋””๋ธ”, ํŠธ์œ„์น˜

๐Ÿ—ฃ How They Talk About It

๐Ÿ“Œ buy or bury
: ์‚ฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌป์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋‹ค (๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต)
โ†’ โ€œThe FTC claims Metaโ€™s strategy was to buy or bury the competition.โ€
โ†’ โ€œFTC๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌป์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค.โ€

๐Ÿ“Œ social media monopoly
: ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋…์ 
โ†’ โ€œMeta is accused of creating a social media monopoly by buying rivals.โ€
โ†’ โ€œ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋…์ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ€

๐Ÿ“Œ creator economy
: ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์ฐฝ์ž‘ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„
โ†’ โ€œZuckerberg said YouTube is the most competitive platform for the creator economy.โ€
โ†’ โ€œ์ €์ปค๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์ž‘์ž ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.โ€

๐Ÿ“Œ friend graph fatigue
: ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ SNS์˜ ํ”ผ๋กœ๊ฐ
โ†’ โ€œPeople arenโ€™t adding new friends on Facebook anymore. Itโ€™s friend graph fatigue.โ€
โ†’ โ€œ์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. โ€˜์นœ๊ตฌ ํ”ผ๋กœ๊ฐโ€™ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.โ€

๐Ÿ“Œ spin off
: ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค, ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ด๋‹ค
โ†’ โ€œZuckerberg once considered spinning off Instagram to avoid antitrust pressure.โ€
โ†’ โ€œ์ €์ปค๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋…์  ์••๋ ฅ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ€

๐Ÿงญ Discourse Watch

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ U.S.
U.S. tech media has covered Metaโ€™s acquisition strategy for over a decade,
often framing it as a โ€œbuy and dominateโ€ approach.
With the FTC trial, headlines now read โ€œZuckerberg knew Instagram was a threat.โ€

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ „๋ฌธ ๋งค์ฒด๋“ค์€ 10๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์˜ ์ธ์ˆ˜ ์ „๋žต์„
โ€œ์‚ฌ์„œ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค(buy and dominate)โ€๋Š” ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ค„์™”๋‹ค.
์ด๋ฒˆ ์žฌํŒ์„ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ โ€œ์ €์ปค๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์œ„ํ˜‘์ž„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ๋ณด๋„๊ฐ€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท Korea
In Korea, coverage of the FTC vs Meta case remains light,
but analysts highlight its implications for Kakao, Naver, and platform governance.
Antitrust pressure is rising globally, and the Meta trial sets a benchmark.

ํ•œ๊ตญ ์–ธ๋ก ์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์žฌํŒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
์นด์นด์˜คยท๋„ค์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ทœ์ œ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋…์  ์••๋ฐ•์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ์žฌํŒ์€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋‹ค.

๐ŸŽฌ Outro

Meta didnโ€™t just buy companies โ€” it bought time.
Now, that clock is ticking in court.

๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, โ€˜์‹œ๊ฐ„โ€™์„ ์ƒ€๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋ฒ•์ •์—์„œ ๋˜‘๋”ฑ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“… 2014 โ€“ Facebook announces acquisition of Oculus VR

Facebook took a significant step into virtual reality by announcing its $2 billion acquisition of Oculus VR. This move marked the company's expansion beyond social networking into emerging technologies.โ€‹

๐Ÿ“… 2014๋…„ โ€“ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ์˜คํ˜๋Ÿฌ์Šค VR ์ธ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ

ํ•ด๋‹น ๋…„๋„์—, ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์€ 20์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์˜คํ˜๋Ÿฌ์Šค VR ์ธ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ง„์ถœ์„ ์•Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์†Œ์…œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์ •ํ‘œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿงพ Sources

  1. Mark Zuckerberg Testifies in FTC Antitrust Trial (CNN, 2025)

  2. Metaโ€™s Buy-or-Bury Strategy: What the Emails Reveal (NYT, 2025)

  3. The Rise and Decline of Friend-Based Social Media (Pew Research, 2023)

  4. Is YouTube the Real Threat to Meta? (The Verge, 2024)

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