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  • [๐ŸงŠ In Case You Missed It] TikTok Ban in the U.S.: Security, Sovereignty, or Silicon Valley Power Play?

[๐ŸงŠ In Case You Missed It] TikTok Ban in the U.S.: Security, Sovereignty, or Silicon Valley Power Play?

When viral videos become a national threatโ€”and data becomes the new oil.

ํ‹ฑํ†ก(TikTok)์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋ณด์•ˆยท์ฃผ๊ถŒยท์ž๋ณธ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์ „์Ÿ: ์•ˆ๋ณด, ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ?

๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿด ์˜์ƒ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€: ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด โ€˜์›์œ โ€™

๐Ÿ“Œ Context is King

In April 2024, the U.S. Congress passed a bill that could ban TikTok unless its Chinese parent company, ByteDance, divests its ownership. The move is officially about โ€œdata securityโ€ and protecting American usersโ€™ information from Chinese government influence. Yet critics argue it's also a Silicon Valley protectionist play, disguised as patriotism.

2024๋…„ 4์›”, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ํ‹ฑํ†ก(Tiktok)์˜ ๋ชจํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ๋Œ„์Šค(ByteDance)๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ถ„์„ ๋งค๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด TikTok์„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” โ€œ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณด์•ˆโ€๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •๋ณด ์ ‘๊ทผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๊ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ ์ž๋ณธ์ด ์ž๊ตญ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด โ€˜์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌโ€™์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šด ์ „๋žต์  ๊ณต์„ธ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿงฉ IYKYK(If you know, you know)

  • Digital Sovereignty (๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ)
    The concept that states should control data flows and platforms within their borders.
    โ†’ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ตญ ๋‚ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋….

  • Section 702 Surveillance (702์กฐ ๊ฐ์‹œ๊ถŒ)
    A U.S. law allowing surveillance of foreign individuals for national security.
    โ†’ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ธ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ๊ถŒํ•œ, ์ž๊ตญ ๋‚ด ๊ฐ์ฒญ ๋…ผ๋ž€๋„ ์กด์žฌ.

  • Divestment Order (์ง€๋ถ„ ๋งค๊ฐ ๋ช…๋ น)
    A forced sale of ownership stakes to reduce foreign control.
    โ†’ ์™ธ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋งค๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์กฐ์น˜.

  • Platform Protectionism (ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜)
    Favoring domestic digital platforms through political or legal means.
    โ†’ ์ •์น˜ยท๋ฒ•์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๊ตญ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ.

  • Soft Power via Algorithms (์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ํŒŒ์›Œ)
    The use of recommendation systems to influence cultural narratives.
    โ†’ ์ถ”์ฒœ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹.

๐Ÿง  In Focus

TikTokโ€™s case exemplifies how social media has become a geopolitical battlefield. While the U.S. accuses China of surveillance risk, China sees this as a double standardโ€”especially given Americaโ€™s own surveillance tools like PRISM and Section 702. In essence, this isnโ€™t just about one appโ€”itโ€™s a global tech cold war over influence, ideology, and economic control.

TikTok ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” SNS๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ์ „์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์œ„ํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ(์˜ˆ: PRISM, Section 702)์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์ค‘์žฃ๋Œ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด ๋…ผ๋ž€์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์•ฑ ๊ธˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ยท์ด๋…ยท๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ƒ‰์ „์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

*PRISM: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ NSA์—์„œ 2007๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ ํ†ต์‹  ๊ฐ์ฒญ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

**Section 702: ์„น์…˜ 702๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •๋ณด๊ตญ์žฅ(DNI)์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋ณ„๋œ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์‚ด์ƒ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํš๋“๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •๋ณด ๋“ฑ ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‘œ์  ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ์Šน์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ—ฃ How They Talk About It

๐Ÿ“Œ digital Trojan horse
"Lawmakers fear TikTok could be a digital Trojan horse for the CCP."
"์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ํ‹ฑํ†ก์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ณต์‚ฐ๋‹น์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํŠธ๋กœ์ด ๋ชฉ๋งˆ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

๐Ÿ“Œ ban or buy
"The U.S. gave ByteDance an ultimatum: ban or buy out."
"๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ByteDance์— ์ตœํ›„ํ†ต์ฒฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ƒ ๋งค๊ฐ์ด๋ƒ."

๐Ÿ“Œ platform nationalism
"Platform nationalism is on the riseโ€”tech isnโ€™t borderless anymore."
"ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ตญ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€”๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

๐Ÿ“Œ algorithmic sovereignty
"Who controls the algorithm, controls the narrative."
"๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋А๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

๐Ÿ“Œ geopolitical app war
"Itโ€™s not just a banโ€”itโ€™s a geopolitical app war."
"์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ธˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ์•ฑ ์ „์Ÿ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

๐Ÿงญ Discourse Watch

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Mainstream U.S. media frames the TikTok ban as a critical move for national security. Conservative commentators support the ban, citing youth manipulation risks. Progressive voices raise concerns about First Amendment rights and economic retaliation.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์–ธ๋ก ์€ ํ‹ฑํ†ก ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฅผ โ€˜๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์กฐ์น˜โ€™๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ง„์˜์€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์กฐ์ž‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง„๋ณด ์ง„์˜์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์ž์œ ์™€ ๋ณด๋ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท South Korea
In Korea, the TikTok ban is watched with interest but framed more as a proxy for U.S.-China tension. Concerns about algorithm bias and platform dominance are rising, especially with domestic creators depending heavily on TikTok for global reach.

ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‹ฑํ†ก ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์ค‘ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ์„ ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํฌ๋ฆฌ์—์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ํ‹ฑํ†ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ง„์ถœ์„ ๊พ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด, ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํŽธํ–ฅ๊ณผ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์˜์กด๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐ŸŽฌ Outro

The fight for data isnโ€™t just about serversโ€”itโ€™s about who gets to shape our minds. And that fight is just getting started.

๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์‹ธ์›€์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์„œ๋ฒ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ โ€˜์˜์‹โ€™์„ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋А๋ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ „์Ÿ์€ ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์ž‘๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“… August 2020 โ€“ Trumpโ€™s Executive Order to Ban TikTok
The first attempt to ban TikTok came under President Trump. Four years later, the battle has only escalated.

๐Ÿ“… 2020๋…„ 8์›” โ€“ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ‹ฑํ†ก ๊ธˆ์ง€ ํ–‰์ •๋ช…๋ น
์ฒ˜์Œ ํ‹ฑํ†ก์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋˜ ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ๊ทธ ์‹ธ์›€์€ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฒฉํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿงพ Sources

  1. โ€œTikTok Ban Bill Passed by U.S. Congressโ€ (Reuters, 2024)

  2. โ€œByteDanceโ€™s Dilemma: Sell or Die?โ€ (Bloomberg, 2024)

  3. โ€œWhy TikTokโ€™s Algorithms Terrify Washingtonโ€ (The Atlantic, 2023)

  4. โ€œThe U.S.-China Tech Cold Warโ€ (The Guardian, 2024)

  5. โ€œTikTok and the New Digital Sovereignty Debateโ€ (WIRED, 2023)

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