• Insight Salon
  • Posts
  • [๐ŸงŠ In Case You Missed It] Under the Hood: Why Western Car Suppliers Are Stalling

[๐ŸงŠ In Case You Missed It] Under the Hood: Why Western Car Suppliers Are Stalling

The parts makers once outperformed carmakersโ€”now theyโ€™re running on fumes.

๋ณด๋‹› ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ: ์„œ๊ตฌ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ์ •์ฒด

ํ•œ๋•Œ ์™„์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋˜ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด๋“ค, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ ์ง์ „์ด๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ˜Ž ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด?

๐Ÿ‘‰ ์Šคํ„ฐ๋”” ์‹ ์ฒญ ๋งํฌ : https://forms.gle/6a6ou68a2YyLvnaMA

๐Ÿ‘‰ ์Šคํ„ฐ๋”” ๋ฌธ์˜ : https://open.kakao.com/me/insightsalon

๐Ÿ“Œ Context is King

Auto suppliers once topped carmakers in profitabilityโ€”a hidden powerhouse beneath gleaming bodywork. But the EV revolution, rising software stakes and fresh competitors have upended that balance, leaving once-formulaic suppliers scrambling to find new footing.
์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ํ•œ๋•Œ ๋งค์ถœ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์™„์„ฑ์ฐจ์—…์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•ž์„œ๊ฐ€๋Š” โ€˜์•Œ์งœ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐโ€™ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ(EV)์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ํ™•๋Œ€, ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž ์ถœํ˜„์ด ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋’คํ”๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Todayโ€™s stagnating global vehicle output and long-term contracts have squeezed margins; 2024 saw the top 30 suppliersโ€™ free cash flow plunge by roughly a third, while legacy giants like Bosch and Continental announced tens of thousands of job cuts.
ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ด์ „ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์„ ์••๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2024๋…„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 30๋Œ€ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ํ๋ฆ„์€ ์•ฝ 1/3 ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Bosch์™€ Continental์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ์› ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Notes

Free Cash Flow: Cash from operations minus capital expendituresโ€”funds a company can use freely for dividends, debt payoff or reinvestment
์˜์—…ํ™œ๋™ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์—์„œ ์„ค๋น„ํˆฌ์ž ๋“ฑ ์ž๋ณธ์  ์ง€์ถœ์„ ์ฐจ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฐฐ๋‹น ์ง€๊ธ‰ยท๋ถ€์ฑ„ ์ƒํ™˜ยท์žฌํˆฌ์ž ๋“ฑ์— ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๊ธˆ

Bosch: Germanyโ€™s leading Tier-1 supplier, diversified across auto parts, industrial tech and consumer goods. Cut ~12,000 jobs in 2024 to offset declining EV-related margins
์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆยท์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ยท์†Œ๋น„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋…์ผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ 1์ฐจ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ๋กœ, 2024๋…„ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 12,000๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ์›

Continental: Renowned for tyres and automotive systems; spinning off its parts division from the tyre unit to separate stable tyre earnings from the more volatile components business
ํƒ€์ด์–ด์™€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ, ์•ˆ์ •์  ํƒ€์ด์–ด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜์ต๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ ํฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ

๐Ÿงฉ IYKYK(If you know, you know)

1. Tier 1 Supplier (1์ฐจ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ)
Suppliers that sell directly to carmakers, typically handling complex systems.
โ†’ ์™„์„ฑ์ฐจ ์—…์ฒด์— ์ง์ ‘ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” 1์ฐจ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ.

2. Free Cash Flow (์ž์œ  ํ˜„๊ธˆ ํ๋ฆ„)
Cash left over after operations and capital expendituresโ€”key to financial health.
โ†’ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜์—…ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์„ค๋น„ํˆฌ์ž ํ›„์— ๋‚จ๋Š” ํ˜„๊ธˆ. ์žฌ๋ฌด ๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ.

3. Commoditized Hardware (๋ฒ”์šฉํ™”๋œ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด)
Standard parts with little differentiation or added value, vulnerable to price pressure.
โ†’ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์šฉ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ.

๐Ÿง  In Focus

Suppliers were once shielded by long-term contracts and economies of scale. But Covid-era chip shortages flipped the power balance. Carmakers prioritized high-margin models. Suppliers, locked into fixed-price deals, couldnโ€™t pass on rising costs. Since then, returns on capital have stagnatedโ€”along with production.

๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ณผ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋•์— ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋‚œ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์€ ์™„์„ฑ์ฐจ ์—…์ฒด๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ฐจ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์šฐ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ „๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์†ํ•ด๋งŒ ๋ดค๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์ž๋ณธ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์€ ์ •์ฒด๋๊ณ , ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋„ ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ๋‹ค.

More disruption is on the horizon. As software becomes the soul of the modern car, suppliers risk being downgraded to low-margin hardware vendors. Meanwhile, Chinese firms are risingโ€”backed by EV growth, local champions, and global deals. Western suppliers must adapt fast, or risk becoming obsolete.

์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์—์„œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ์ €๋งˆ์ง„ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ž๋กœ ์ „๋ฝํ•  ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ EV ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ, ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ƒ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„ํƒœ๋  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ—ฃ How They Talk About It

๐Ÿ“Œ shake up the supply chain (๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์„ ์ „๋ฉด ๊ฐœํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค)
Suppliers must shake up the supply chain to regain bargaining power or face obsolescence (๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์„ ์ „๋ฉด ๊ฐœํŽธํ•ด ํ˜‘์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋„ํƒœ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค)

๐Ÿ“Œ software eats hardware (์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž ์‹ํ•˜๋‹ค)
As vehicles become software-first, software eats hardware margins faster than any chip shortage (์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์šฐ์„  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์นฉ ๋ถ€์กฑ ์‚ฌํƒœ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ž ์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค)

๐Ÿ“Œ new game in town (์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒ์ด ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค)
With CATL and Nidec entering, thereโ€™s a whole new game in town for powertrain parts (CATL๊ณผ Nidec๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŒŒ์›ŒํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒ์ด ํŽผ์ณ์กŒ๋‹ค)

๐Ÿ“Œ margin squeeze (์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๋ฐ›๋‹ค)
Long-term contracts sealed the fate: suppliers felt margin squeeze long before the chip crunch (์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์šด๋ช…์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง€์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์นฉ ๋ถ€์กฑ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ด์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ˆ˜์ต ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๋А๊ผˆ๋‹ค)

Notes

CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology): Chinaโ€™s battery powerhouse, supplying over 30% of global EV batteries. Its aggressive capacity expansion pressures Western cell-makersโ€™ margins
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ 30% ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•์ž๋กœ, ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์  ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ ์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์„ ์••๋ฐ•

Nidec: Japanese motor specialist scaling electric-drive units for EVs and hybrids. Benefits from motor consolidation but needs deeper vehicle-system integration
์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์šฉ ๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ, ๋ชจํ„ฐ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ถ”์„ธ์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ฌ์ธต ์—ฐ๋™ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ

๐Ÿงญ Discourse Watch

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Leading industry media have noted that suppliersโ€™ shrinking profits are forcing moves into software-based offerings and closer OEM collaborations. Financial analysts are debating whether larger players should merge or focus on niche strengths to survive the margin squeeze. Meanwhile, online investor communities are discussing which suppliers can adapt best to the software-centric vehicle era and how to balance recurring service revenue against traditional hardware sales.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฃผ์š” ์—…๊ณ„ ๋งค์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต๊ณผ OEM๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘์—… ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ์œต ์• ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€, ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ˆ˜์ต ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๋งค์ถœ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถฐ์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ํ† ๋ก  ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค.

๐ŸŽฌ Outro

When the gears behind the scenes groan, the whole industry feels the tremor.
๋ฌด๋Œ€ ๋’ค ํ†ฑ๋‹ˆ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๊ฐ€ ์‚๊ฑฑ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์‚ฐ์—… ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“… October 1, 1908 โ€“ Ford unveils the Model T

1908๋…„ 10์›” 1์ผ โ€“ ํฌ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ T๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋‹ค

๐Ÿงพ Sources

  • Part company: How to tell the Westโ€™s car industry really is in trouble (The Economist, 2025)

  • AlixPartners Global Auto Supplier Study (2024)

  • Continental to spin off parts division (Continental, 2025)

๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ Copyright & Disclaimer | ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์ฑ… ์กฐํ•ญ

This content is exclusively crafted for subscribers of the Insight Salon newsletter. Unauthorized reproduction, redistribution, or modification of any part of this material is strictly prohibited.
์ด ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋Š” Insight Salon ๋‰ด์Šค๋ ˆํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ๋…์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์ „์šฉ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์˜ ๋ฌด๋‹จ ๋ณต์ œ, ๋ฐฐํฌ, ์ˆ˜์ •์€ ์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Disclaimer: This article is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute financial, legal, or professional advice. All content is curated from publicly available sources and does not aim to predict market trends or corporate strategies.
๋ฉด์ฑ… ์กฐํ•ญ: ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ ยท์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฌ๋ฌดยท๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๋“ฑ ์ „๋ฌธ์  ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ „๋žต์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Insight Salon, Speak real & sound smart.